Inside Molecular Cloning: How We Duplicate DNA for Research and Innovation

When most people hear the word cloning, they think of science fiction stories about cloned animals or even humans. But in molecular biology, cloning has a much more precise and practical meaning: it’s about copying specific pieces of DNA so that scientists can study, modify, and use them for research, medicine, and biotechnology.

For decades, molecular cloning has been the foundation of modern biology. It allows scientists to understand genes, make proteins, engineer crops, produce medicines like insulin, and even edit genomes using tools like CRISPR.

In simple terms, molecular cloning is about isolating a piece of DNA like a gene and making many identical copies of it.

This is different from cloning an entire animal (like Dolly the sheep). In molecular biology, you’re only working with the DNA itself, not the whole organism.

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